前回の復習：連想法
- Cortex
Meaning: The outer layer of an organ, especially the brain.
Mnemonic/Association: Think of “brain’s cover” → cortex covers the brain like a protective shell.
Sentence: The cortex processes sensory information and helps us think.
Japanese: 皮質（特に脳の外層）
- Cognition
Meaning: The mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding.
Mnemonic/Association: “Cog” → gears in your brain turning → thinking.
Sentence: Meditation can improve cognition by sharpening focus.
Japanese: 認知、知識の獲得
- Cluster
Meaning: A group of similar things or people positioned closely together.
Mnemonic/Association: Picture a bunch of grapes → a cluster.
Sentence: A cluster of stars lit up the night sky.
Japanese: 群れ、塊
- Coffer
Meaning: A chest for storing valuables or money.
Mnemonic/Association: Think of “coffee chest” → a chest full of treasure (like beans!).
Sentence: The king’s coffer was filled with gold coins.
Japanese: 金庫、財宝箱
- Constriction
Meaning: The act of tightening or squeezing; narrowing.
Mnemonic/Association: Think “constrictor snake” → squeezes tightly.
Sentence: The tight rope caused constriction in his chest.
Japanese: 収縮、締め付け
- Captive
Meaning: A person or animal held prisoner.
Mnemonic/Association: Capture → captive
Sentence: The tiger remained captive in the zoo.
Japanese: 捕虜、囚われた者
- Clamor
Meaning: A loud, confused noise or outcry.
Mnemonic/Association: Think of clamor → clamoring voices → noisy protest.
Sentence: The clamor of the crowd echoed through the streets.
Japanese: 騒音、喧騒
- Contrivance
Meaning: A clever device or plan; something artificially created.
Mnemonic/Association: Think “contrive → invent”
Sentence: The spy used a clever contrivance to escape.
Japanese: 工夫、策
- Dictum
Meaning: An authoritative statement or pronouncement.
Mnemonic/Association: Dictator → says rules → dictum
Sentence: “Honesty is the best policy” is a famous dictum.
Japanese: 格言、公式見解
- Dispensation
Meaning: Permission or exemption from a rule or usual requirement.
Mnemonic/Association: Think of dispense → give special allowance
Sentence: The teacher gave a dispensation for late homework.
Japanese: 免除、特別許可
- Deferment
Meaning: Postponement or delay.
Mnemonic/Association: “Defer → delay”
Sentence: His military service was granted a deferment for education.
Japanese: 延期、猶予
- Determent
Meaning: Something that discourages or prevents.
Mnemonic/Association: “Deter → prevent”
Sentence: The high fines acted as a determent against littering.
Japanese: 抑止、阻止
- Delegation
Meaning: A group of people chosen to represent others; the act of entrusting tasks.
Mnemonic/Association: Think “delegate → assign → delegation”
Sentence: A delegation of teachers attended the conference.
Japanese: 代表団、委任
- Deliberation
Meaning: Careful consideration or discussion before making a decision.
Mnemonic/Association: “Deliberate → think carefully”
Sentence: After long deliberation, the jury reached a verdict.
Japanese: 熟考、協議
- Detention
Meaning: The state of being held back, especially as punishment.
Mnemonic/Association: “Detain → detention”
Sentence: The student received detention for skipping class.
Japanese: 拘留、居残り
- Debacle
Meaning: A sudden, disastrous failure.
Mnemonic/Association: Sounds like “break all” → everything falls apart.
Sentence: The project ended in a complete debacle.
Japanese: 大失敗、崩壊
今回の単語：連想法
- Defector
意味: 敵に寝返る人、脱党者
連想法: “defect” → 欠陥 → 欠ける → 仲間から離れる人
例文: The soldier became a defector and joined the enemy.
日本語: 脱走者、亡命者
- Disarmament
意味: 武装解除
連想法: “disarm → 武器を取り除く” → arm をなくす
例文: The treaty called for nuclear disarmament.
日本語: 武装解除
- Debris
意味: 瓦礫、残骸
連想法: “de + break” → 壊れたもの
例文: After the earthquake, the streets were full of debris.
日本語: がれき、破片
- Derelict
意味: 放棄された、無責任な人や建物
連想法: “relict → 遺物 → 放置されているもの”
例文: The derelict ship lay abandoned in the harbor.
日本語: 放置された、見捨てられた
- Denomination
意味: 宗派、通貨の単位
連想法: “nominate → 名前 → それぞれの名前のグループ”
例文: This church belongs to a Protestant denomination.
日本語: 宗派、（貨幣の）額面
- Discontent
意味: 不満、欲求不満
連想法: “content → 満足 → dis → 満たされない”
例文: Workers voiced their discontent over low wages.
日本語: 不満、不平
- Dissonance
意味: 不協和音、意見の不一致
連想法: “dis → not + sonance → 音 → 調和しない音”
例文: The dissonance between the two leaders caused confusion.
日本語: 不協和、不一致
- Divulgence
意味: 暴露、公開
連想法: “divulge → 明かす”
例文: The journalist’s divulgence shocked the public.
日本語: 暴露、公表
- Destitution
意味: 極貧、困窮
連想法: “de + state → 状態を失う → 貧困”
例文: After losing his job, he fell into destitution.
日本語: 欠乏、極度の貧困
- Demolition
意味: 破壊、取り壊し
連想法: “demo → destroy” → 取り壊す
例文: The old building is scheduled for demolition.
日本語: 取り壊し、破壊
- Depletion
意味: 消耗、枯渇
連想法: “de + plenteous → 少なくなる → 枯渇”
例文: Overfishing leads to the depletion of fish stocks.
日本語: 枯渇、消耗
- Detriment
意味: 損害、不利益
連想法: “deter → 防ぐ → それができないと損害”
例文: Smoking is a detriment to health.
日本語: 損害、害
- Deviation
意味: 逸脱、偏差
連想法: “de → 離れる + via → 道 → 通常の道から外れる”
例文: Any deviation from the plan must be approved.
日本語: 逸脱、偏差
- Deputy
意味: 代理人、代表者
連想法: “deputize → 任命 → 代理”
例文: The mayor’s deputy managed the ceremony in his absence.
日本語: 代理、代表者
- Dynasty
意味: 王朝、一族による長期支配
連想法: “dyn → power → 長く続く支配家系”
例文: The Ming dynasty ruled China for centuries.
日本語: 王朝、支配一族
- Diatribe
意味: 辛辣な非難、痛烈な批判
連想法: “dia → through + tribe → 部族に突き刺す → 痛烈批判”
例文: He launched a diatribe against the corrupt politicians.
日本語: 痛烈な批判、辛辣な非難
ここからはコロケーションで覚えましょう
| Defector (敵に寝返る人) | political defector (政治的亡命者) high-profile defector (注目される脱党者) defector from the army (軍隊からの脱走者) |
| Disarmament (武装解除) | nuclear disarmament (核軍縮) arms disarmament treaty (武装解除条約) global disarmament (世界的武装解除) |
| Debris (瓦礫、残骸) | space debris (宇宙ゴミ) rubble and debris (がれきと残骸) debris field (残骸地帯) |
| Derelict (放棄された、無責任な人や建物) | derelict building (放棄された建物) derelict ship (放置された船) derelict area (廃墟の地域) |
| Denomination (宗派、（貨幣の）額面) | religious denomination (宗派) banknote denomination (紙幣の額面) different denominations (異なる額面) |
| Discontent (不満) | public discontent (国民の不満) growing discontent (高まる不満) political discontent (政治的不満) |
| Dissonance (不協和音、不一致) | cognitive dissonance (認知的不協和) musical dissonance (音楽的な不協和音) cultural dissonance (文化的摩擦) |
| Divulgence (暴露、公表) | divulgence of information (情報の漏洩) unauthorized divulgence (無許可の公開) media divulgence (メディアによる暴露) |
| Destitution (極貧、困窮) | extreme destitution (極度の貧困) fall into destitution (貧困に陥る) poverty and destitution (貧困と困窮) |
| Demolition (破壊、取り壊し) | building demolition (建物の取り壊し) demolition site (解体現場) planned demolition (計画的破壊) |
| Depletion (消耗、枯渇) | resource depletion (資源の枯渇) soil depletion (土壌の消耗) rapid depletion (急速な消耗) |
| Detriment (損害、不利益) | to the detriment of (〜に不利益を与える) health detriment (健康への害) environmental detriment (環境への損害) |
| Deviation (逸脱、偏差) | standard deviation (標準偏差) behavioral deviation (行動の逸脱) deviation from the plan (計画からの逸脱) |
| Deputy (代理人、代表者) | deputy mayor (副市長) police deputy (警察副官) deputy representative (代理代表) |
| Dynasty (王朝、一族による長期支配) | royal dynasty (王家の王朝) imperial dynasty (帝国の王朝) dynasty reign (王朝の統治) |
| Diatribe (辛辣な非難、痛烈な批判) | political diatribe (政治的痛烈批判) public diatribe (公の非難) fierce diatribe (激しい痛烈な批判) |
以上が月曜日の内容です。
コロケーションを口に出して覚えましょう！
