前回の復習：連想法
- Defector
Meaning: A person who abandons their country, cause, or group to join an opposing one.
Mnemonic/Association: Think “defect → 欠ける → 仲間を離れる人”
Sentence: The soldier became a defector and joined the enemy.
Japanese: 脱走者、亡命者
- Disarmament
Meaning: The act of removing or reducing military weapons.
Mnemonic/Association: “disarm → 武器をなくす”
Sentence: The treaty called for nuclear disarmament.
Japanese: 武装解除
- Debris
Meaning: Scattered fragments, especially from something destroyed.
Mnemonic/Association: “de + break → 壊れたもの”
Sentence: After the earthquake, the streets were full of debris.
Japanese: がれき、破片
- Derelict
Meaning: Abandoned or neglected, or a person neglecting duties.
Mnemonic/Association: “relict → 遺物 → 放置されたもの”
Sentence: The derelict ship lay abandoned in the harbor.
Japanese: 放置された、見捨てられた
- Denomination
Meaning: A religious group or the face value of money.
Mnemonic/Association: “nominate → 名前 → グループの名前”
Sentence: This church belongs to a Protestant denomination.
Japanese: 宗派、（貨幣の）額面
- Discontent
Meaning: Dissatisfaction or unhappiness.
Mnemonic/Association: “dis → not + content → 満足しない”
Sentence: Workers voiced their discontent over low wages.
Japanese: 不満、不平
- Dissonance
Meaning: Lack of harmony or agreement.
Mnemonic/Association: “dis → not + sonance → 音 → 調和しない音”
Sentence: The dissonance between the two leaders caused confusion.
Japanese: 不協和、不一致
- Divulgence
Meaning: The act of revealing or making something known.
Mnemonic/Association: “divulge → 明かす”
Sentence: The journalist’s divulgence shocked the public.
Japanese: 暴露、公表
- Destitution
Meaning: Extreme poverty or lack of resources.
Mnemonic/Association: “de + state → 状態を失う → 貧困”
Sentence: After losing his job, he fell into destitution.
Japanese: 欠乏、極度の貧困
- Demolition
Meaning: The act of destroying or tearing down something.
Mnemonic/Association: “demo → destroy → 破壊する”
Sentence: The old building is scheduled for demolition.
Japanese: 取り壊し、破壊
- Depletion
Meaning: Reduction or exhaustion of resources.
Mnemonic/Association: “de + plenteous → 少なくなる → 枯渇”
Sentence: Overfishing leads to the depletion of fish stocks.
Japanese: 枯渇、消耗
- Detriment
Meaning: Harm, loss, or disadvantage.
Mnemonic/Association: “deter → 防げないと損害”
Sentence: Smoking is a detriment to health.
Japanese: 損害、害
- Deviation
Meaning: Departure from a standard or norm.
Mnemonic/Association: “de → 離れる + via → 道 → 通常の道から外れる”
Sentence: Any deviation from the plan must be approved.
Japanese: 逸脱、偏差
- Deputy
Meaning: A person appointed to act as a substitute or representative.
Mnemonic/Association: “deputize → 任命 → 代理”
Sentence: The mayor’s deputy managed the ceremony in his absence.
Japanese: 代理、代表者
- Dynasty
Meaning: A succession of rulers from the same family or line.
Mnemonic/Association: “dyn → power → 長く続く支配家系”
Sentence: The Ming dynasty ruled China for centuries.
Japanese: 王朝、支配一族
- Diatribe
Meaning: A bitter and forceful verbal attack.
Mnemonic/Association: “dia → through + tribe → 部族に突き刺す → 痛烈批判”
Sentence: He launched a diatribe against the corrupt politicians.
Japanese: 痛烈な批判、辛辣な非難
今回の単語：連想法
- Expulsion（追放、除名）
連想法: “ex → 外へ + pul → push → 外に押し出す” → 仲間や組織から追い出されるイメージ
例文: The student faced expulsion for cheating.
日本語: 追放、除名
- Extermination（絶滅、根絶）
連想法: “exterminate → 根絶する” → 害虫や敵を完全に消すイメージ
例文: The government launched a campaign for rat extermination.
日本語: 根絶、絶滅
- Espionage（スパイ活動、諜報）
連想法: “spy + on → 情報を探る活動” → 秘密裏に情報を集めるイメージ
例文: The spy was accused of espionage.
日本語: 諜報活動、スパイ行為
- Embryo（胚、胎芽）
連想法: “em → in + bryo → grow → 小さく生まれる前のもの” → 赤ちゃんの元の形
例文: The scientist studied a chicken embryo.
日本語: 胚、胎芽
- Envoy（使節、特使）
連想法: “en → in + voy → voyage → 使命を帯びて派遣される人”
例文: The president sent an envoy to negotiate peace.
日本語: 使節、特使
- Entreaty（懇願、嘆願）
連想法: “en → thoroughly + treat → 丁寧に頼む” → 心を込めてお願いするイメージ
例文: She made an entreaty for mercy.
日本語: 懇願、嘆願
- Epitaph（墓碑銘）
連想法: “epi → upon + taph → tomb → 墓に書かれる文字”
例文: The epitaph read, “Beloved father and husband.”
日本語: 墓碑銘、碑文
- Epiphany（突然のひらめき、啓示）
連想法: “epi → upon + phany → appearance → ひらめきが突然現れる”
例文: He had an epiphany while walking in the park.
日本語: 啓示、突然の気づき
- Equilibrium（平衡、均衡）
連想法: “equi → equal + librium → balance → 釣り合う状態”
例文: The tightrope walker maintained perfect equilibrium.
日本語: 平衡、均衡
- Faculty（能力、学部、教授陣）
連想法: “fac → make → できる力” → 物事を行う能力、大学の学部
例文: She has a natural faculty for languages.
日本語: 能力、学部、教授陣
- Fervor（熱意、情熱）
連想法: “fer → carry → 熱を運ぶ → 熱心さや情熱”
例文: The volunteers worked with great fervor.
日本語: 熱意、情熱
- Freight（貨物、運送）
連想法: “freight train → 貨物列車 → 荷物”
例文: The ship carries freight across the ocean.
日本語: 貨物、運送
- Fraternity（友愛、兄弟関係、学士会）
連想法: “frater → brother → 兄弟のような関係”
例文: The students joined a college fraternity.
日本語: 友愛、兄弟関係、学士会
- Fraud（詐欺、詐称）
連想法: “fraud → false → 偽る行為”
例文: The company was accused of financial fraud.
日本語: 詐欺、詐称
- Felony（重罪）
連想法: “fel → evil → 悪い行為 → 法的に重罪”
例文: He was convicted of a serious felony.
日本語: 重罪
ここからはコロケーションで覚えましょう
| Expulsion（追放、除名） | school expulsion (学校からの退学) expulsion from the country (国からの追放) forced expulsion (強制退去) |
| Extermination（絶滅、根絶） | pest extermination (害虫駆除) species extermination (種の絶滅) complete extermination (完全根絶) |
| Espionage（スパイ活動、諜報） | industrial espionage (産業スパイ活動) espionage agent (諜報員) espionage scandal (スパイ事件) |
| Embryo（胚、胎芽） | human embryo (ヒトの胚) embryo development (胚の発育) early-stage embryo (初期段階の胚) |
| Envoy（使節、特使） | diplomatic envoy (外交使節) special envoy (特使) government envoy (政府代表) |
| Entreaty（懇願、嘆願） | urgent entreaty (緊急の懇願) pleading entreaty (哀願) entreaty for mercy (慈悲を求める懇願) |
| Epitaph（墓碑銘） | famous epitaph (有名な墓碑銘) epitaph inscription (碑文の刻印) poetic epitaph (詩的な墓碑銘) |
| Epiphany（突然のひらめき、啓示） | religious epiphany (宗教的啓示) moment of epiphany (ひらめきの瞬間) creative epiphany (創造的ひらめき) |
| Equilibrium（平衡、均衡） | chemical equilibrium (化学平衡) economic equilibrium (経済的均衡) maintain equilibrium (均衡を保つ) |
| Faculty（能力、学部、教授陣） | faculty member (教員) mental faculty (知的能力) faculty of law (法学部) |
| Fervor（熱意、情熱） | religious fervor (宗教的熱意) nationalistic fervor (国家主義的熱意) work with fervor (情熱をもって働く) |
| Freight（貨物、運送） | freight train (貨物列車) freight shipment (貨物輸送) air freight (航空貨物) |
| Fraternity（友愛、兄弟関係、学士会） | college fraternity (大学の学士会) brotherhood and fraternity (兄弟愛と友愛) professional fraternity (専門職の同好会) |
| Fraud（詐欺、詐称） | financial fraud (金融詐欺) insurance fraud (保険詐欺) identity fraud (身元詐称) |
| Felony（重罪） | serious felony (重大犯罪) felony conviction (重罪の有罪判決) violent felony (暴力犯罪) |
以上が水曜日の内容です。
コロケーションを口に出して覚えましょう！
