英検１級エクセレントコース２５-２８週

回答を読んだ後で実際に自分でも声に出して練習しましょう。

スピーキングの評価は４つ

①Short Speech
与えられたトピックの中から一つを選び、
論点とその根拠をまとめ首尾一貫したスピーチを
組み立てることが求められる

②Interaction
面接委員とのやり取りの中で、
それぞれの質問に対して臨機応変に対応し、
会話を継続することが求められる

③Grammar and Vocabulary
面接を通して、幅広い語彙、文法を正確かつ適切に
運用することが求められる

④Pronunciation
面接を通して、発音・アクセント・イントネーションを
正しく運用することが求められる

予想問題１

Agree or disagree: The rise of automation will lead to a more leisure-oriented society.

回答

Agree: The rise of automation will likely lead to a more leisure-oriented society. As machines take over repetitive and labor-intensive tasks, people will have more free time. This shift can enable individuals to focus on creative pursuits, personal development, and leisure activities. Additionally, as automation improves productivity, it could reduce the need for long work hours, further contributing to a society that values leisure more.

予想問題２

Explore the potential societal impacts of increased automation and the changing nature of work.

回答

Increased automation will transform the nature of work by reducing the need for manual and repetitive tasks, leading to job displacement in some sectors. However, it will also create opportunities in fields like technology, maintenance, and creative industries, requiring workers to adapt and upskill. Societally, this shift could exacerbate inequality if not managed properly, as those without access to education and training may struggle to find new employment. On the positive side, automation could enhance productivity and potentially reduce working hours, allowing for a better work-life balance and more time for personal pursuits.

最後に

以上が金曜日の内容です。

順番としては

①自分でスピーキング

②英文を読んだあとでスピーキング

口に出して練習しましょう！

長文

In an old mansion by the sea, there was an attic filled with forgotten treasures. The attic had a small window that overlooked a peaceful cove where the waves gently lapped against the shore. However, the tranquility of the cove was sometimes disrupted by the hazards of the ocean—strong currents and hidden rocks posed constant threats to passing ships. The mansion itself stood on a hill with a steep gradient, making the climb to it both challenging and rewarding.

One day, a scientist who specialized in studying the southern hemisphere visited the mansion. He was intrigued by the artifacts stored in the attic and decided to use it as a temporary repository for his research. But as he worked, a sudden power outage plunged the mansion into darkness. The scientist’s predicament worsened as a fierce storm approached, causing mayhem both inside and outside the mansion.

With the storm came spillage from the nearby river, flooding the pasture below the hill. The situation quickly escalated into pandemonium, as animals fled and people scrambled to secure their belongings. In the midst of this chaos, the scientist found himself in jeopardy, trapped in the attic with no way to call for help. He realized that his plight was dire, as the storm showed no signs of relenting.

Despite the mayhem, he managed to find a hidden stowage space in the attic, where he discovered old journals detailing similar storms from decades ago. The journals suggested that the safest place during such a storm was a hidden cove nearby. Gathering his courage, the scientist braved the storm, making his way down the treacherous gradient to the cove, where he finally found refuge.

（英語で理解してもらうため日本語訳はできるだけ直訳で訳しています）

海辺の古い屋敷には、忘れられた宝物が詰まった屋根裏部屋がありました。屋根裏には小さな窓があり、波が静かに岸辺を打つ穏やかな入り江を見渡すことができました。しかし、その入り江の静けさは時折、海の危険によって乱されることがありました。強い潮流や隠れた岩は、通過する船にとって常に脅威でした。屋敷自体は急な傾斜地に立っており、そこまでの登りは困難でありながらも、たどり着く価値がありました。

ある日、南半球の研究を専門とする科学者が屋敷を訪れました。彼は屋根裏に保管されている品々に興味を持ち、そこで一時的に研究を行うことにしました。しかし、作業中に突然停電が発生し、屋敷は暗闇に包まれました。科学者の苦境は、激しい嵐が近づいてくることでさらに悪化しました。屋敷の内外で混乱が広がり、川の水が溢れて丘の下の牧草地が浸水しました。この状況はすぐに大混乱へと発展し、動物たちは逃げ出し、人々は持ち物を守るために右往左往しました。この混乱の中で、科学者は屋根裏に閉じ込められ、助けを呼ぶ手段がなく、命の危険にさらされていることに気づきました。彼の苦境は深刻であり、嵐が収まる兆しはありませんでした。

その混乱の中で、彼は屋根裏に隠された収納スペースを見つけ、そこで数十年前の似たような嵐について書かれた古い日誌を発見しました。その日誌には、嵐の際には近くの隠れた入り江が最も安全な場所であると書かれていました。勇気を奮い起こし、科学者は嵐に立ち向かい、急な傾斜を下りて入り江にたどり着き、ようやく避難することができました。

単語・熟語穴埋め問題

Attic (●●●)
Cove (●●●)
Hazard (●●●)
Gradient (●●●)
Hemisphere (●●●)
Jeopardy (●●●)
Mayhem (●●●)
Outage (●●●)
Pasture (●●●)
Pandemonium (●●●)
Predicament (●●●)
Plight (●●●)
Repository (●●●)
Stowage (●●●)
Spillage (●●●)
rope in: ●●●
rub off on: ●●●
rattle off: ●●●
rack up: ●●●
rail against: ●●●

例文穴埋め問題

The ●●● was filled with old furniture.
屋根裏部屋は古い家具でいっぱいでした。

The small ●●● was a perfect place for a quiet swim.
小さな入り江は静かな泳ぎに最適な場所でした。

Strong currents are a serious ●●● to swimmers.
強い潮流は泳ぐ人にとって深刻な危険です。

The steep ●●● made the hike challenging.
急な傾斜がハイキングを難しくしました。

The scientist studied the southern ●●●.
その科学者は南半球を研究していました。

The adventurer was in ●●● during the storm.
嵐の間、その冒険家は危険にさらされました。

The sudden outage caused ●●● in the city.
突然の停電が都市に大混乱をもたらしました。

The power ●●● lasted for several hours.
停電は数時間続きました。

The cattle grazed peacefully in the ●●●.
牛たちは牧草地で静かに草を食んでいました。

●●● broke out when the fire alarm went off.
火災報知器が鳴り響いたとき、大混乱が起こりました。

The hiker found himself in a ●●● when he got lost.
そのハイカーは道に迷って苦境に立たされました。

The ●●● of the refugees moved many people to help.
難民の苦境は多くの人々を援助に駆り立てました。

The library served as a ●●● for ancient manuscripts.
図書館は古代の手稿の保管場所として機能しました。

The ship had ample ●●● for all the cargo.
その船にはすべての貨物を収納する十分なスペースがありました。

The ●●● of oil into the ocean caused severe damage.
海への石油の流出は深刻な被害を引き起こしました。

熟語例文穴埋め問題

I was ●●●d in to help organize the event.
(私はそのイベントの準備を手伝うように駆り出されました。)

Her enthusiasm ●●●bed off on everyone in the team.
(彼女の熱意がチーム全員に良い影響を与えました。)

He ●●●d off the names of all the players on the team.
(彼はチームの全選手の名前をすらすらと言いました。)

She ●●●ed up numerous awards for her work.
(彼女はその仕事で数多くの賞を獲得しました。)

The protesters ●●●ed against the new policy.
(抗議者たちは新しい政策を激しく非難しました。)

以上が木曜日の内容です。

分からなかった単語だけをノートにコピーしていき、自分だけの単語帳を作っていきましょう。（この作業を行わなければ効果は半分以下になりますのでお気に入りのノートで作りましょう）

前回の復習：連想法

Apparition (幽霊、幻影)

Mnemonic: Picture an “apparition” appearing out of nowhere like an “app” suddenly opening on your phone.
Association: Think of a ghost or spirit that appears suddenly, often unexpectedly.
Contextual Usage: The haunted house was known for the apparition of a woman in white who wandered the halls at night.

Bibliography (参考文献一覧)

Mnemonic: “Biblio-” sounds like “Bible,” and “-graphy” relates to writing; a bibliography is a list of books or writings.
Association: Imagine a shelf full of books (“biblio”) that you need to write down (“graphy”) for a research project.
Contextual Usage: At the end of the research paper, the professor requested a detailed bibliography listing all the sources used.

Conflagration (大火、戦争)

Mnemonic: “Conflagration” sounds like “flag” on fire—imagine a huge fire engulfing everything.
Association: Think of a large fire or conflict spreading like wildfire.
Contextual Usage: The dry season turned the forest into a tinderbox, ready for any spark to ignite a conflagration.

Chronicle (年代記、記録)

Mnemonic: “Chron” means time, so a “chronicle” is a record of events in time.
Association: Picture a book recording the passage of time, event by event.
Contextual Usage: The historian spent years compiling a detailed chronicle of the ancient civilization’s rise and fall.

Caricature (風刺画)

Mnemonic: “Caricature” sounds like “character,” emphasizing exaggerated features of a person.
Association: Think of a cartoon drawing that exaggerates someone’s features to create humor or criticism.
Contextual Usage: The artist sketched a caricature of the politician, exaggerating his large ears and stern expression.

Deluge (大洪水、氾濫)

Mnemonic: “Deluge” sounds like “flood”—imagine a massive amount of water pouring down.
Association: Picture an overwhelming flood of water or a metaphorical flood of something, like emails.
Contextual Usage: After the announcement, the company was hit by a deluge of complaints from unhappy customers.

Dearth (不足、欠乏)

Mnemonic: “Dearth” sounds like “death”—imagine the scarcity of something leading to desperation.
Association: Think of a barren land with a severe shortage of food or resources.
Contextual Usage: The dearth of affordable housing in the city has led to increased homelessness.

Disparity (格差、不均衡)

Mnemonic: “Disparity” sounds like “separate”—imagine two things that are far apart in quality or quantity.
Association: Picture a scale with one side heavily weighted down, indicating inequality.
Contextual Usage: The disparity in income between the rich and the poor continues to grow each year.

Discrepancy (矛盾、不一致)

Mnemonic: “Discrepancy” has “crep” in it, like “creeping” differences that lead to inconsistencies.
Association: Think of two reports that should match but have conflicting information.
Contextual Usage: The auditor found a discrepancy in the financial records that needed further investigation.

Dissension (意見の対立、不和)

Mnemonic: “Dissension” sounds like “dissent”—imagine people disagreeing and causing conflict.
Association: Picture a meeting where voices are raised in disagreement, leading to tension.
Contextual Usage: There was dissension among the team members about the best strategy to pursue.

Imposition (強制、課すこと)
Mnemonic: “Imposition” has “impose” in it—imagine something being forced upon you.
Association: Think of a heavy burden or rule being placed on someone against their will.
Contextual Usage: The new tax law was seen as an unfair imposition on small business owners.

Infringement (侵害、違反)
Mnemonic: “Infringement” sounds like “infringe”—imagine stepping over a line or boundary.
Association: Picture someone trespassing on private property or violating someone’s rights.
Contextual Usage: The company was sued for infringement of copyright after using a design without permission.

Loophole (抜け穴)
Mnemonic: “Loophole” sounds like a small “loop”—imagine a tiny opening in a law that allows someone to escape consequences.
Association: Think of a legal loophole that people use to avoid paying taxes or following regulations.
Contextual Usage: The lawyer found a loophole in the contract that allowed his client to avoid paying the penalty.

Specter (恐ろしいもの、亡霊)
Mnemonic: “Specter” sounds like “spectacle”—imagine a ghostly figure that is a terrifying sight.
Association: Picture a haunting figure or looming threat that causes fear or unease.
Contextual Usage: The specter of war loomed over the country, casting a shadow of fear across the nation.

Transgression (違反、罪)
Mnemonic: “Transgression” has “trans-” (across) and “-gression” (step)—imagine stepping across a line into wrongdoing.
Association: Think of someone crossing a forbidden boundary, breaking a rule or law.
Contextual Usage: The student’s minor transgression was punished with a warning, but repeated offenses would lead to suspension.

今回の単語：連想法

Attic (屋根裏)

連想法: 「attic」は「att-」が「上」を連想させ、屋根の上にある空間を思い出す。
説明: 屋根裏部屋には古い思い出や使わなくなったものがしまってあることが多い。

Cove (入り江)

連想法: 「cove」は「cover」と音が似ており、海岸が土地で覆われている入り江を思い出す。
説明: 海岸線に自然にできた小さな湾や入り江を指す。

Hazard (危険)

連想法: 「hazard」は「ハザードランプ」を連想させ、危険を警告するものと覚える。
説明: 危険やリスクを意味し、特に予期せぬ状況での危険性を指す。

Gradient (勾配、傾斜)

連想法: 「gradient」は「grade」と関係があり、成績のように「段階」や「レベル」を思い出す。
説明: 坂道や傾斜の度合いを表す。

Hemisphere (半球)

連想法: 「hemi-」は「半分」を意味し、「sphere」は「球」を意味するので、半分の球を思い出す。
説明: 地球や脳の半球を指す。

Jeopardy (危険、危機)

連想法: 「jeopardy」は「ジェットコースター」を連想し、スリリングで危険な状況を思い出す。
説明: 危機や危険にさらされている状態を意味する。

Mayhem (大混乱)

連想法: 「mayhem」は「may」と「hem（縁）」を連想させ、5月に縁が切れるような大混乱を思い出す。
説明: 混乱や騒乱、破壊行為を指す。

Outage (停電、停止)

連想法: 「out-age」は「out of age」と連想し、古くなったものが停止する状態を思い出す。
説明: 電力やサービスの停止を指す。

Pasture (牧草地)

連想法: 「pasture」は「past（過去）」を連想させ、昔ながらの田舎の風景を思い出す。
説明: 家畜が放牧される牧草地を指す。

Pandemonium (大混乱)

連想法: 「panda」と「monium」を連想し、パンダの群れが騒ぎ立てる大混乱を思い出す。
説明: 大規模な混乱や騒ぎを意味する。

Predicament (困難な状況)

連想法: 「predicament」は「predict」と関係し、予測不能な困難な状況を思い出す。
説明: 困難な、もしくは抜け出せないような状況を意味する。

Plight (苦境)

連想法: 「plight」は「flight」と音が似ており、逃げられない困難な状況を思い出す。
説明: 特に深刻な困難や苦境を指す。

Repository (保管場所)

連想法: 「repo-」は「再度」を意味し、「story」は「物語」を意味するので、物語を再び保存する場所を思い出す。
説明: 情報や物品の保管場所を指す。

Stowage (収納スペース)

連想法: 「stow」は「収納する」を意味し、「-age」は「場所」を意味するので、収納場所を思い出す。
説明: 荷物や物品を収納するためのスペースを指す。

Spillage (こぼれること)

連想法: 「spill」は「こぼす」を意味し、「-age」は「行為」を意味するので、こぼす行為を思い出す。
説明: 液体や物がこぼれることを指す。

ここからはコロケーションで覚えましょう

以上が水曜日の内容です。

コロケーションを口に出して覚えましょう！

長文

In the quiet town of Ravenswood, rumors of an apparition began to circulate. Some claimed to have seen a ghostly figure wandering the old cemetery, a specter that brought with it a chilling sense of dread. The townspeople, curious yet fearful, decided to keep a chronicle of these sightings, documenting every detail in the town’s library. Among the pages of old books and records, the librarian also included a detailed bibliography of references to other historical accounts of such phenomena.

As the weeks passed, the rumors grew, becoming a conflagration of fear and speculation that spread through the town like wildfire. Amidst this chaos, a caricature of the ghost appeared in the local newspaper, a humorous but unsettling reminder of the growing unease.

One night, after a particularly heavy deluge, the town was almost entirely flooded. The dearth of proper drainage systems had left the streets submerged in water, compounding the already heightened sense of fear. In the aftermath, the disparity between the wealthier parts of town, which quickly recovered, and the poorer areas, where the damage was severe, became starkly evident.

The townspeople began to notice discrepancies in the stories of those who claimed to have seen the apparition. Some described a woman in white, while others swore it was a man in a black coat. This led to dissension among the townsfolk, dividing them into different factions, each with their own version of the truth.

As tensions rose, the local government attempted to restore order, but their efforts were seen as an imposition, further aggravating the situation. The fear of the apparition had now become intertwined with concerns about infringement on personal freedoms, and some residents even exploited loopholes in the law to avoid curfews and restrictions.

Despite the growing unrest, there were those who remained skeptical, dismissing the specter as nothing more than a figment of the imagination. However, the memory of past transgressions haunted the town, and the fear that the apparition might be a manifestation of these unresolved issues persisted.

静かな町レイヴンズウッドでは、幽霊の目撃談が広まり始めました。ある人々は古い墓地をさまよう幽霊の姿を見たと主張し、その幽霊が恐ろしい恐怖感を伴って現れると言います。町の人々は好奇心と恐怖心から、これらの目撃情報を町の図書館で年代記として記録することにしました。古い書籍や記録のページの中で、司書は他の歴史的な事例を参考にした詳細な参考文献も含めました。

数週間が経つと、噂は膨れ上がり、町中に火事のように広がる恐怖と憶測の大火災となりました。この混乱の中、地元新聞にその幽霊の風刺画が掲載され、ユーモラスでありながら不安を煽るものでした。

ある晩、特に激しい豪雨の後、町はほとんど完全に洪水に見舞われました。適切な排水システムが不足していたため、街路は水浸しになり、すでに高まっていた恐怖感がさらに増幅されました。その後、すぐに回復した裕福な地域と、被害が甚大な貧しい地域との格差がはっきりと現れました。

町の人々は、幽霊を見たと主張する人々の話に矛盾があることに気づき始めました。ある者は白い服を着た女性を見たと述べ、一方で他の者は黒いコートを着た男性だと断言しました。これにより、町民の間で意見の対立が生じ、それぞれが自分の真実を信じる派閥に分かれました。

緊張が高まる中、地元政府は秩序を回復しようとしましたが、その努力は無理強いとみなされ、状況をさらに悪化させました。幽霊への恐怖は、個人の自由が侵害されるという懸念と結びつき、ある住民は夜間外出禁止や制限を回避するために法の抜け穴を利用する者もいました。

このような状況にもかかわらず、懐疑的な人々は幽霊を単なる幻想として片付けました。しかし、過去の罪の記憶が町を取り巻き、幽霊がこれら未解決の問題の表れであるかもしれないという恐怖が根強く残りました。

（英語で理解してもらうため日本語訳はできるだけ直訳で訳しています）

単語・熟語穴埋め問題

Apparition – ●●●

Bibliography – ●●●

Conflagration – ●●●

Chronicle – ●●●

Caricature – ●●●

Deluge – ●●●

Dearth – ●●●

Disparity – ●●●

Discrepancy – ●●●

Dissension – ●●●

Imposition – ●●●

Infringement – ●●●

Loophole – ●●●

Specter – ●●●

Transgression – ●●●

pep up: ●●●

plunk up: ●●●

plug away at: ●●●

quid pro quo: ●●●

例文穴埋め問題

The ●●● of the old man startled everyone in the room.
老人の幽霊が現れて、部屋の全員を驚かせた。

The student included a comprehensive ●●● at the end of his research paper.
その学生は研究論文の最後に網羅的な参考文献を付けた。

The ●●● that swept through the city left thousands homeless.
街を襲った大火災で数千人が家を失った。

The historian wrote a detailed ●●● of the ancient civilization.
歴史家は古代文明の詳細な年代記を書いた。

The artist drew a ●●● of the politician, exaggerating his features humorously.
芸術家は政治家の風刺画を描き、彼の特徴をユーモラスに誇張した。

The ●●● caused by the heavy rains flooded the entire town.
激しい雨によって引き起こされた大洪水で町全体が水浸しになった。

There is a ●●● of fresh water in the arid region.
乾燥した地域では、真水が不足している。

The economic ●●● between the rich and the poor is growing wider.
富裕層と貧困層の経済格差が拡大している。

There was a significant ●●● between the two reports.
その二つの報告書には重大な矛盾があった。

●●● among the team members led to the project’s failure.
チームメンバー間の意見の対立がプロジェクトの失敗につながった。

The ●●● of new taxes sparked public outrage.
新たな税の課税が市民の怒りを引き起こした。

Copyright ●●● is a serious offense in the digital age.
著作権の侵害はデジタル時代において重大な犯罪である。

The company exploited a ●●● in the tax law to avoid paying taxes.
その会社は税法の抜け穴を利用して、税金を支払わなかった。

The ●●● of war loomed over the region as tensions rose.
緊張が高まる中、戦争の恐怖が地域を覆った。

He sought forgiveness for his past ●●●s.
彼は過去の罪に対する許しを求めた。

熟語例文穴埋め問題

The coach gave a motivational speech to ●●● up the team before the big game.
コーチは大事な試合の前にチームを盛り上げるために激励のスピーチをしました。

She had to ●●● up the courage to speak in front of the large audience.
彼女は大勢の観客の前で話す勇気を奮い起こさなければなりませんでした。

Despite the difficulties, he continued to ●●● away at his research project.
困難にもかかわらず、彼は研究プロジェクトにこつこつ励み続けました。

The politician offered his support in exchange for a ●●● pro quo from the business leader.
政治家はビジネスリーダーからの見返りを条件に支援を申し出ました。

以上が火曜日の内容です。

分からなかった単語だけをノートにコピーしていき、自分だけの単語帳を作っていきましょう。（この作業を行わなければ効果は半分以下になりますのでお気に入りのノートで作りましょう）

前回の復習：連想法

Bribery (賄賂)

Mnemonic: “Bribe Ray”
Association: Picture Ray giving money to a judge to influence a decision.
Context: The politician was arrested for bribery after he was caught paying off officials.

Bankruptcy (破産)

Mnemonic: “Bank Rupt Cy”
Association: Imagine a bank exploding and Cy, the bank manager, is left with nothing.
Context: After the economic downturn, many small businesses faced bankruptcy.

Conjecture (推測)

Mnemonic: “Con Jack”
Association: Think of Jack making wild guesses about a con artist’s next move.
Context: The detective’s theory was based on conjecture rather than solid evidence.

Debit (借方)

Mnemonic: “Debt Bit”
Association: Imagine every small bit of debt accumulating on one side of a ledger.
Context: You should record all your expenses as debits in your account book.

Disguise (変装)

Mnemonic: “Dis Guy’s”
Association: Think of a person saying, “Dis guy’s hiding behind a mask.”
Context: He wore a disguise to avoid being recognized by his fans.

Decree (法令)

Mnemonic: “De Cree”
Association: Imagine a creepy king issuing a royal decree to his subjects.
Context: The new decree bans smoking in all public places.

Elimination (除去)

Mnemonic: “E-Lime-A-Nation”
Association: Picture a nation where every lime is being removed.
Context: The elimination of waste is crucial for environmental conservation.

Exorcism (除霊)

Mnemonic: “Ex-Or-Sis”
Association: Imagine an exorcist removing evil spirits from his sister.
Context: The priest performed an exorcism to rid the house of its malevolent spirits.

Embargo (禁輸)

Mnemonic: “Em Bar Go”
Association: Think of a bar preventing ships from going out.
Context: The country imposed an embargo on all goods from the enemy nation.

Fallacy (誤信)

Mnemonic: “Fall A Sea”
Association: Picture someone believing that they can walk on water, a fallacy that leads them to fall into the sea.
Context: The idea that the earth is flat is a well-known fallacy.

Inauguration (就任式)

Mnemonic: “In Augur Action”
Association: Imagine an augur (ancient Roman priest) in action during a ceremony.
Context: The president’s inauguration ceremony was attended by thousands.

Ordinance (条例)

Mnemonic: “Order Nance”
Association: Think of Nance ordering new rules for the town.
Context: The city council passed an ordinance to reduce noise pollution.

Precept (教訓)

Mnemonic: “Pre Set”
Association: Picture rules that are preset for behavior.
Context: The precept of honesty is essential in all human interactions.

Transaction (取引)

Mnemonic: “Trans Action”
Association: Imagine a transaction as a transfer of action from one party to another.
Context: The transaction was completed after both parties signed the agreement.

Rundown (概要)

Mnemonic: “Run Down”
Association: Picture a quick run down a list to summarize everything.
Context: The manager gave a quick rundown of the project status during the meeting.

今回の単語：連想法

Apparition (幽霊)

連想法: “Appear-ition”
連想: 急に現れる幽霊 (突然現れる幽霊を想像してみてください)

Bibliography (参考文献一覧)

連想法: “Bible-ography”
連想: 本のリスト (聖書のように多くの本がリストに並んでいる様子を想像してみてください)

Conflagration (大火災)

連想法: “Con Flag Ration”
連想: 大きな旗が燃えている (大きな旗が燃え上がる大火災を想像してみてください)

Chronicle (年代記)

連想法: “Chronological Article”
連想: 年代順に記された記事 (年代順に出来事を記録する記事を想像してみてください)

Caricature (風刺画)

連想法: “Carry Picture”
連想: 面白い絵を運ぶ (面白おかしく誇張された絵を運んでいる様子を想像してみてください)

Deluge (大洪水)

連想法: “De Luge”
連想: ルージュの川が氾濫 (ルージュの川が氾濫して大洪水を引き起こしている様子を想像してみてください)

Dearth (不足)

連想法: “Dear Earth”
連想: 愛する地球が乾いている (地球が乾いて食料や水が不足している様子を想像してみてください)

Disparity (不均衡)

連想法: “Dis Parity”
連想: 不公平なパリティ (公平ではない状態をパリティと関連付けて想像してみてください)

Discrepancy (矛盾)

連想法: “Dis Crep In Sea”
連想: 海の中の不一致 (海の中で見つかった矛盾を想像してみてください)

Dissension (意見の対立)

連想法: “Dis Sensation”
連想: 意見の対立が起こるセンセーション (意見の対立が激しい議論を引き起こす様子を想像してみてください)

Imposition (課税)

連想法: “Im Pose”
連想: 課税されているポーズ (税金を課されている様子をポーズとして想像してみてください)

Infringement (侵害)

連想法: “In Fringe”
連想: 境界線を越えて侵害する (フリンジのように境界線を越えて何かを侵害する様子を想像してみてください)

Loophole (抜け穴)

連想法: “Loop Hole”
連想: 法律のループホール (法律や規則の中にある抜け穴を想像してみてください)

Specter (幽霊)

連想法: “Specter”
連想: スペクター (ゴーストバスターズの映画に出てくる幽霊を想像してみてください)

Transgression (違反)

連想法: “Trans Gres”
連想: 交通違反 (交通ルールを破る様子を想像してみてください)

ここからはコロケーションで覚えましょう

以上が月曜日の内容です。

コロケーションを口に出して覚えましょう！

回答を読んだ後で実際に自分でも書いてみましょう。

ライティングの決まり事４つ

①Write an essay on the given TOPIC.
②Give three reasons to support your answer.
③Structure: introduction, main body, and conclusion
④Suggested length: 200-240 words

予想問題

Is it ethical to use genetic engineering for human enhancement purposes? (Agree or Disagree)

回答

Introduction:

Genetic engineering, a groundbreaking scientific advancement, offers the potential to alter human capabilities significantly. While this technology holds promise, it raises ethical concerns. I believe it is not ethical to use genetic engineering for human enhancement purposes.

Main Body:（３つ）

First, genetic engineering for human enhancement could exacerbate social inequality. If such technologies are only accessible to the wealthy, it would create a society where the rich can afford to enhance their abilities, leaving others behind. This disparity could lead to a divided society, where genetic enhancements determine one’s opportunities and social status, exacerbating existing social and economic inequalities.

Second, the long-term consequences of genetic engineering are unpredictable. Altering human genetics could have unforeseen and potentially harmful effects on individuals and future generations. The complexity of human genetics means that changes intended to enhance one trait could inadvertently impact other traits negatively. The ethical implications of such unintended consequences are significant, as they could lead to new health issues and ethical dilemmas for future generations.

Lastly, using genetic engineering for human enhancement raises fundamental ethical questions about the nature of humanity. It challenges the notion of what it means to be human and whether it is ethical to alter human nature to fit subjective ideals of perfection. The pursuit of genetic enhancements could lead to a society that values certain traits over others, undermining the diversity and uniqueness that make humanity rich and complex.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the ethical concerns surrounding genetic engineering for human enhancement—social inequality, unpredictable consequences, and the alteration of human nature—outweigh the potential benefits. It is essential to approach this powerful technology with caution and prioritize ethical considerations to ensure it is used responsibly.

３つのポイント（覚えて口に出して練習）

３つのポイントとその理由をスピーキング対策にもなるので覚えておきましょう。

①Social Inequality
理由：

Genetic engineering for human enhancement could widen the gap between the rich and the poor, creating a society where only the wealthy can afford enhancements, leading to increased social and economic disparities.

②Unpredictable Consequences
理由：

The long-term effects of genetic modifications are unknown and could have unintended, harmful impacts on individuals and future generations, posing significant ethical and health risks.

③Alteration of Human Nature
理由：

Using genetic engineering to enhance humans challenges the essence of humanity, potentially leading to a society that values certain traits over others, undermining the diversity and uniqueness inherent in human nature.

最後に

以上が金曜日の内容です。

口に出して練習しましょう！

長文

In the bustling city of Metropolis, the mayor’s inauguration was a grand affair, marked by a spectacular parade and speeches that echoed through the streets. The new ordinance introduced by the city council aimed to eliminate corruption, especially in the form of bribery, which had plagued the city for years. However, some conjecture that this decree might not be enough to tackle the deeply rooted issues.

Amidst these political developments, a local bank announced its bankruptcy, causing a stir in the financial sector. Many customers were left in distress, trying to understand the implications of their debits and credits. Some even suspected foul play and speculated that the bank’s collapse was a result of fraudulent transactions.

Meanwhile, in a quiet corner of the city, a renowned spiritual leader was performing an exorcism to rid a house of its malevolent spirits. This ceremony, although ancient, was observed with great interest by the locals.

In a separate incident, a businessman was caught trying to disguise illegal goods to bypass an embargo imposed by the government. This violation was considered a serious offense, highlighting the need for stricter enforcement of trade regulations.

Despite the city’s efforts to improve, it was clear that Metropolis was still facing significant challenges. The rundown neighborhoods and widespread poverty were stark reminders of the fallacies in the city’s development policies. The precept of equality and justice seemed far-fetched for many residents struggling to make ends meet.

As the day came to an end, the mayor reflected on the day’s events, realizing that the road to a better Metropolis was fraught with obstacles. The elimination of corruption, enforcement of new ordinances, and the promotion of fair transactions were just the beginning of a long journey towards progress.

（英語で理解してもらうため日本語訳はできるだけ直訳で訳しています）

メトロポリスの賑やかな都市で、市長の就任式は壮大なもので、壮観なパレードと街中に響き渡るスピーチが特徴でした。市議会によって導入された新しい条例は、何年も街を悩ませてきた賄賂の形を特に排除することを目指していました。しかし、この法令だけでは根深い問題に対処するのに十分ではないと推測する人もいました。

これらの政治的な発展の中、地元の銀行が破産を発表し、金融業界に動揺が走りました。多くの顧客は、自分たちの借方と貸方の影響を理解しようと苦悩しました。一部の人々は不正行為を疑い、銀行の崩壊は不正取引の結果であると推測しました。

一方、街の静かな一角では、有名な霊的指導者が悪霊を追い払うためのエクソシズムを行っていました。この儀式は古代のものでしたが、地元の人々は大きな関心を持って見守っていました。

別の事件では、実業家が政府によって課された禁輸を回避するために違法品を偽装しようとして逮捕されました。この違反行為は重大な犯罪と見なされ、貿易規制の厳格な施行の必要性を浮き彫りにしました。

街の改善に向けた努力にもかかわらず、メトロポリスが依然として重大な課題に直面していることは明らかでした。老朽化した地区と広範な貧困は、市の発展政策の誤謬を明示するものでした。平等と正義の原則は、多くの住民にとっては非現実的なものでした。

日が終わる頃、市長はその日の出来事を振り返り、より良いメトロポリスへの道が障害に満ちていることを認識しました。腐敗の排除、新しい条例の施行、公正な取引の促進は、進歩への長い旅の始まりに過ぎませんでした。

単語・熟語穴埋め問題

Bribery – ●●●
Bankruptcy – ●●●
Conjecture – ●●●
Debit – ●●●
Disguise – ●●●
Decree – ●●●
Elimination – ●●●
Exorcism – ●●●
Embargo – ●●●
Fallacy – ●●●
Inauguration – ●●●
Ordinance – ●●●
Precept – ●●●
Transaction – ●●●
Rundown – ●●●
pan out: ●●●
pass down: ●●●
play down: ●●●
pull through: ●●●

例文穴埋め問題

The politician was arrested for accepting ●●●.
政治家は賄賂を受け取ったことで逮捕されました。

The company’s ●●● left many employees jobless.
会社の破産により多くの従業員が職を失いました。

His theory was based on pure ●●●.
彼の理論は純粋な推測に基づいていました。

The ●●● was recorded in the financial statement.
借方は財務諸表に記録されました。

He wore a ●●● to avoid being recognized.
彼は認識されないように偽装しました。

The new ●●● will be effective from next month.
新しい法令は来月から施行されます。

The ●●● of waste is crucial for a clean environment.
廃棄物の排除は清潔な環境のために重要です。

The priest performed an ●●● to cleanse the house.
司祭は家を清めるためにエクソシズムを行いました。

The government imposed an ●●● on foreign goods.
政府は外国製品に対して禁輸を課しました。

It is a ●●● to assume that all rich people are happy.
すべての金持ちが幸せであると仮定するのは誤謬です。

The president’s ●●● was attended by thousands.
大統領の就任式には何千人もの人々が出席しました。

The city passed an ●●● to reduce noise pollution.
市は騒音汚染を減らすための条例を可決しました。

The ●●● of honesty is fundamental in our society.
誠実の原則は私たちの社会において基本的なものです。

Every ●●● must be recorded accurately.
すべての取引は正確に記録されなければなりません。

The building was in a ●●● condition and needed repairs.
建物は老朽化しており、修理が必要でした。

熟語例文穴埋め問題

Despite the initial setbacks, the project eventually ●●●ned out.
初期の障害にもかかわらず、プロジェクトは最終的に成功しました。

The family tradition was ●●●ed down from generation to generation.
家族の伝統は世代から世代へと伝えられました。

The company tried to ●●● down the negative effects of the scandal.
会社はスキャンダルの悪影響をもみ消そうとしました。

With the support of her family, she managed to ●●● through the difficult times.
家族の支えのおかげで、彼女は困難な時期を乗り切ることができました。

以上が木曜日の内容です。

分からなかった単語だけをノートにコピーしていき、自分だけの単語帳を作っていきましょう。（この作業を行わなければ効果は半分以下になりますのでお気に入りのノートで作りましょう）

前回の復習：連想法

Asset (資産)
Mnemonic Device: Think of “a set” of valuable items.
Association: An asset is something valuable that you “set” aside because it’s important.
Contextual Usage: “Her house is her most valuable asset.”

Conspiracy (陰謀)
Mnemonic Device: “Con” means with and “spir” sounds like spirit; a conspiracy is like a group with a shared secret spirit.
Association: A secret plan by a group, often to do something harmful.
Contextual Usage: “The conspiracy to overthrow the government was uncovered by the police.”

Commitment (約束)
Mnemonic Device: Think of “commit” as “promise to meet.”
Association: A commitment is a promise to do something or be dedicated to a cause.
Contextual Usage: “He made a commitment to finish the project by the end of the month.”

Confiscation (没収)
Mnemonic Device: “Confiscate” sounds like “confuse” + “take”; you might be confused when something is taken away.
Association: Taking someone’s property by authority.
Contextual Usage: “The confiscation of illegal drugs was a major success for the police.”

Coverage (報道)
Mnemonic Device: Think of “cover” as in covering a story.
Association: The extent to which something is reported or dealt with.
Contextual Usage: “The media’s coverage of the event was extensive.”

Deportation (国外追放)
Mnemonic Device: “Deport” sounds like “depart” which means to leave.
Association: The act of sending someone away from a country.
Contextual Usage: “The deportation of illegal immigrants has increased in recent years.”

Defiance (反抗)
Mnemonic Device: “Defy” sounds like “deny”; in defiance, you deny authority.
Association: Open resistance or bold disobedience.
Contextual Usage: “His defiance against the rules got him in trouble.”

Decadence (堕落)
Mnemonic Device: “Decadence” sounds like “decay”; moral decay or decline.
Association: Excessive indulgence in pleasure leading to moral decline.
Contextual Usage: “The decadence of the Roman Empire contributed to its fall.”

Derision (嘲笑)
Mnemonic Device: “Derision” sounds like “division”; creating division by mocking someone.
Association: Mockery or ridicule.
Contextual Usage: “His proposal was met with derision from his colleagues.”

Eulogy (弔辞)
Mnemonic Device: “Eu” means good, and “logy” means speech; a good speech.
Association: A speech given in praise of someone, typically at a funeral.
Contextual Usage: “She gave a moving eulogy at her grandfather’s funeral.”

Flattery (お世辞)
Mnemonic Device: “Flatter” sounds like “flutter”; compliments can make someone’s heart flutter.
Association: Excessive or insincere praise.
Contextual Usage: “He tried to win her over with flattery.”

Grievance (不平)
Mnemonic Device: “Grieve” is in grievance; a cause for grieving or complaining.
Association: A complaint or resentment.
Contextual Usage: “The workers filed a grievance against the company for unfair treatment.”

Hallmark (特徴)
Mnemonic Device: “Hall” and “mark”; a mark you notice in a hallway, a defining feature.
Association: A distinctive feature or characteristic.
Contextual Usage: “Innovation is a hallmark of the tech company.”

Homage (敬意)
Mnemonic Device: “Homage” sounds like “home-age”; showing respect as if at home.
Association: Respect or honor shown publicly.
Contextual Usage: “The statue was erected in homage to the great leader.”

Remuneration (報酬)
Mnemonic Device: “Remuneration” sounds like “re-money-ation”; getting money back.
Association: Payment for services or work done.
Contextual Usage: “She received fair remuneration for her consulting services.”

今回の単語：連想法

Bribery (賄賂)
Association: お金 (money) + 秘密 (secret)
Explanation: 賄賂は秘密裏にお金を渡すことを意味します。

bribery (賄賂)

Association: Think of a corrupt politician secretly accepting cash to influence decisions.
日本語説明: 賄賂とは、他人を不正に動かすために金銭や利益を提供する行為です。

bankruptcy (破産)

Association: Visualize a business owner closing shop with a “bankrupt” sign, unable to pay debts.
日本語説明: 破産は、財政的に行き詰まり、借金を返せなくなる状態です。

conjecture (推測)

Association: Picture someone guessing the outcome of a mystery with incomplete information.
日本語説明: 推測とは、証拠が不十分な状態で結果を予測することです。

debit (借方)

Association: Imagine using a debit card to withdraw money, reducing the account balance.
日本語説明: 借方は、銀行口座からお金を引き出すことや、会計上の負債を指します。

disguise (変装)

Association: Visualize someone wearing a mask and costume to hide their identity.
日本語説明: 変装は、誰かに自分の正体を隠すために外見を変えることです。

decree (法令)

Association: Think of a king issuing a royal decree to announce new laws.
日本語説明: 法令は、政府や権力者によって発布される正式な命令や規則です。

elimination (排除)

Association: Picture a competition where participants are progressively eliminated until one winner remains.
日本語説明: 排除は、不要なものを取り除くことや、競技などで脱落させることです。

exorcism (悪魔祓い)

Association: Imagine a priest performing a ritual to expel evil spirits from a person or place.
日本語説明: 悪魔祓いは、悪霊や悪い影響を追い払う宗教的な儀式です。

embargo (禁輸)

Association: Picture ships being blocked from trading with a foreign country due to political tensions.
日本語説明: 禁輸は、特定の国との貿易を一時的に禁止する措置です。

fallacy (誤謬)

Association: Think of a misleading argument that appears logical but is fundamentally flawed.
日本語説明: 誤謬は、一見正しいように見えるが、論理的に誤った考え方や論理です。

inauguration (就任式)

Association: Visualize a president taking the oath of office at a formal ceremony.
日本語説明: 就任式は、新しい役職に正式に就くことを祝う儀式やイベントです。

ordinance (条例)

Association: Picture a city council passing a local law to regulate traffic or noise levels.
日本語説明: 条例は、地方自治体が制定する特定の地域でのルールや規制です。

precept (教訓)

Association: Imagine a wise teacher giving moral guidelines for life.
日本語説明: 教訓は、道徳的な行動や考え方の指針となる教えです。

transaction (取引)

Association: Picture two people exchanging money for goods in a business deal.
日本語説明: 取引は、お金や商品をやり取りするビジネスの行為や契約です。

rundown (概要)

Association: Imagine receiving a quick summary of a meeting or event, covering the key points.
日本語説明: 概要は、出来事やプロセスの要点や全体像を簡潔にまとめたものです。

Pan Out: 成功する
Association: 「フライパン」 + 「アウト」= 食材がフライパンから出て美味しくなる（成功する）
Explanation: フライパンで調理する過程を想像し、食材がうまく調理されると成功するというイメージを使います。

Pass Down: を伝える
Association: 「パス」 + 「ダウン」= 世代を超えて（下に）パスする（伝える）
Explanation: サッカーなどでパスを下に送るイメージを使い、情報や物を次の世代に伝えることを思い出します。

Play Down: をもみ消す
Association: 「プレイ」 + 「ダウン」= プレイを軽くする（重要性をもみ消す）
Explanation: スポーツでプレイをわざと軽くすることで、その重要性を軽減するイメージを使います。

Pull Through: 乗り切る
Association: 「引っ張る」 + 「通過する」= 困難な状況から引っ張って通り抜ける（乗り切る）
Explanation: 困難な状況から誰かを引っ張って通り抜けさせるイメージを使い、困難を乗り切ることを思い出します。

ここからはコロケーションで覚えましょう

以上が水曜日の内容です。

コロケーションを口に出して覚えましょう！